[piko!] con non poca fatica è riuscito ad elencare gli interventi pubblicati in questa sezione in ordine cronologico.

ovvero - per l'utente italiano - i siti imperdibili per aprire gli occhi e dire "conosco il web due punto zero" (citazione!). e anche altre frasi tipo: "...ma che figata!", "ah, ho visto tante volte quell'iconcina senza assolutamente chiedermi cosa fosse..." oppure "utile!" e perdere intere nottate. sconsiglio twitter e second life, causano dipendenza.

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this is part of my actual research: understanding the leading concepts behind every one of these successful stories in web2.0. i am writing an article about "dusting & tyding up the internet with fun". [ ;) ]

you are invited to visit the subsequent websites, too. please help me and comment about things you like in these websites or services.

from information architects - japan, my love.

what is the feature you like most between the websites in this list?
comment, comment, comment!

you've got to know these notorious hackers, famous for wreaking havoc and driving technological innovation.

The portrayal of hackers in the media has ranged from the high-tech super-spy, as in Mission Impossible where Ethan Hunt repels from the ceiling to hack the CIA computer system and steal the "NOC list," to the lonely anti-social teen who is simply looking for entertainment.

The reality, however, is that hackers are a very diverse bunch, a group simultaneously blamed with causing billions of dollars in damages as well as credited with the development of the World Wide Web and the founding of major tech companies. In this article, we test the theory that truth is better than fiction by introducing you to ten of the most famous hackers, both nefarious and heroic, to let you decide for yourself.

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Black Hat Crackers

The Internet abounds with hackers, known as crackers or "black hats," who work to exploit computer systems. They are the ones you've seen on the news being hauled away for cybercrimes. Some of them do it for fun and curiosity, while others are looking for personal gain. In this section we profile five of the most famous and interesting "black hat" hackers.

1. Jonathan James
James gained notoriety when he became the first juvenile to be sent to prison for hacking. He was sentenced at 16 years old. In an anonymous PBS interview, he professes, "I was just looking around, playing around. What was fun for me was a challenge to see what I could pull off".

James's major intrusions targeted high-profile organizations. He installed a backdoor into a Defense Threat Reduction Agency server. The DTRA is an agency of the Department of Defense charged with reducing the threat to the U.S. and its allies from nuclear, biological, chemical, conventional and special weapons. The backdoor he created enabled him to view sensitive emails and capture employee usernames and passwords.

James also cracked into NASA computers, stealing software worth approximately $1.7 million. According to the Department of Justice, "The software supported the International Space Station's physical environment, including control of the temperature and humidity within the living space". NASA was forced to shut down its computer systems, ultimately racking up a $41,000 cost. James explained that he downloaded the code to supplement his studies on C programming, but contended "...the code itself was crappy... certainly not worth $1.7 million like they claimed".

Given the extent of his intrusions, if James, also known as "c0mrade," had been an adult he likely would have served at least 10 years. Instead, he was banned from recreational computer use and was slated to serve a six-month sentence under house arrest with probation. However, he served six months in prison for violation of parole. Today, James asserts that he's learned his lesson and might start a computer security company.

2. Adrian Lamo
Lamo's claim to fame is his break-ins at major organizations like The New York Times and Microsoft. Dubbed the "homeless hacker," he used Internet connections at Kinko's, coffee shops and libraries to do his intrusions. In a profile article, "He Hacks by Day, Squats by Night", Lamo reflects: "I have a laptop in Pittsburgh, a change of clothes in D.C. It kind of redefines the term multi-jurisdictional".

Lamo's intrusions consisted mainly of penetration testing, in which he found flaws in security, exploited them and then informed companies of their shortcomings. His hits include Yahoo!, Bank of America, Citigroup and Cingular. When white hat hackers are hired by companies to do penetration testing, it's legal. What Lamo did is not.

When he broke into The New York Times' intranet, things got serious. He added himself to a list of experts and viewed personal information on contributors, including Social Security numbers. Lamo also hacked into The Times' LexisNexis account to research high-profile subject matter.
For his intrusion at The New York Times, Lamo was ordered to pay approximately $65,000 in restitution. He was also sentenced to six months of home confinement and two years of probation, which expired January 16, 2007. Lamo is currently working as an award-winning journalist and public speaker.

3. Kevin Mitnick
A self-proclaimed "hacker poster boy", Mitnick went through a highly publicized pursuit by authorities. His mischief was hyped by the media but his actual offenses may be less notable than his notoriety suggests. The Department of Justice describes him as "the most wanted computer criminal in United States history". His exploits were detailed in two movies: Freedom Downtime and Takedown.

Mitnick had a bit of hacking experience before committing the offenses that made him famous. He started out exploiting the Los Angeles bus punch card system to get free rides. Then, like Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, dabbled in phone phreaking. Although there were numerous offenses, Mitnick was ultimately convicted for breaking into the Digital Equipment Corporation's computer network and stealing software.

Mitnick's mischief got serious when he went on a two and a half year "coast-to-coast hacking spree". The CNN article "Legendary computer hacker released from prison" explains that "he hacked into computers, stole corporate secrets, scrambled phone networks and broke into the national defense warning system". He then hacked into computer expert and fellow hacker Tsutomu Shimomura's home computer, which led to his undoing.

Today, Mitnick has been able to move past his role as a black hat hacker and become a productive member of society. He served five years, about 8 months of it in solitary confinement, and is now a computer security consultant, author and speaker.

4. Kevin Poulsen
Also known as Dark Dante, Poulsen gained recognition for his hack of LA radio's KIIS-FM phone lines, which earned him a brand new Porsche, among other items. Law enforcement dubbed him "the Hannibal Lecter of computer crime". Authorities began to pursue Poulsen after he hacked into a federal investigation database. During this pursuit, he further drew the ire of the FBI by hacking into federal computers for wiretap information.

His hacking specialty, however, revolved around telephones. Poulsen's most famous hack, KIIS-FM, was accomplished by taking over all of the station's phone lines. In a related feat, Poulsen also "reactivated old Yellow Page escort telephone numbers for an acquaintance who then ran a virtual escort agency". Later, when his photo came up on the show Unsolved Mysteries, 1-800 phone lines for the program crashed. Ultimately, Poulsen was captured in a supermarket and served a sentence of five years.

Since serving time, Poulsen has worked as a journalist. He is now a senior editor for Wired News. His most prominent article details his work on identifying 744 sex offenders with MySpace profiles.

5. Robert Tappan Morris
Morris, son of former National Security Agency scientist Robert Morris, is known as the creator of the Morris Worm, the first computer worm to be unleashed on the Internet. As a result of this crime, he was the first person prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

Morris wrote the code for the worm while he was a student at Cornell. He asserts that he intended to use it to see how large the Internet was. The worm, however, replicated itself excessively, slowing computers down so that they were no longer usable. It is not possible to know exactly how many computers were affected, but experts estimate an impact of 6,000 machines. He was sentenced to three years' probation, 400 hours of community service and a fined $10,500.

Morris is currently working as a tenured professor at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. He principally researches computer network architectures including distributed hash tables such as Chord and wireless mesh networks such as Roofnet.

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White Hat Hackers

Hackers that use their skills for good are classified as "white hats". These white hats often work as certified "Ethical Hackers," hired by companies to test the integrity of their systems. Others, operate without company permission by bending but not breaking laws and in the process have created some really cool stuff. In this section we profile five white hat hackers and the technologies they have developed.

1. Stephen Wozniak
"Woz" is famous for being the "other Steve" of Apple. Wozniak, along with current Apple CEO Steve Jobs, co-founded Apple Computer. He has been awarded with the National Medal of Technology as well as honorary doctorates from Kettering University and Nova Southeastern University. Additionally, Woz was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in September 2000.

Woz got his start in hacking making blue boxes, devices that bypass telephone-switching mechanisms to make free long-distance calls. After reading an article about phone phreaking in Esquire, Wozniak called up his buddy Jobs. The pair did research on frequencies, then built and sold blue boxes to their classmates in college. Wozniak even used a blue box to call the Pope while pretending to be Henry Kissinger.

Wozniak dropped out of college and came up with the computer that eventually made him famous. Jobs had the bright idea to sell the computer as a fully assembled PC board. The Steves sold Wozniak's cherished scientific calculator and Jobs' VW van for capital and got to work assembling prototypes in Jobs' garage. Wozniak designed the hardware and most of the software. In the Letters section of Woz.org, he recalls doing "what Ed Roberts and Bill Gates and Paul Allen did and tons more, with no help". Wozniak and Jobs sold the first 100 of the Apple I to a local dealer for $666.66 each.

Woz no longer works full time for Apple, focusing primarily on philanthropy instead. Most notable is his function as fairy godfather to the Los Gatos, California School District: "Wozniak 'adopted' the Los Gatos School District, providing students and teachers with hands-on teaching and donations of state-of-the-art technology equipment".

2. Tim Berners-Lee
Berners-Lee is famed as the inventor of the World Wide Web, the system that we use to access sites, documents and files on the Internet. He has received numerous recognitions, most notably the Millennium Technology Prize.

While a student at Oxford University, Berners-Lee was caught hacking access with a friend and subsequently banned from University computers: w3.org reports "Whilst [at Oxford], he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television". Technological innovation seems to have run in his genes, as Berners-Lee's parents were mathematicians who worked on the Manchester Mark1, one of the earliest electronic computers.

While working with CERN, a European nuclear research organization, Berners-Lee created a hypertext prototype system that helped researchers share and update information easily. He later realized that hypertext could be joined with the Internet. Berners-Lee recounts how he put them together: "I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the TCP and DNS ideas and – ta-da! – the World Wide Web".

Since his creation of the World Wide Web, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium at MIT. The W3C describes itself as "an international consortium where Member organizations, a full-time staff and the public work together to develop Web standards". Berners-Lee's World Wide Web idea, as well as standards from the W3C, is distributed freely with no patent or royalties due.

3. Linus Torvalds
Torvalds fathered Linux, the very popular Unix-based operating system. He calls himself "an engineer," and has said that his aspirations are simple: "I just want to have fun making the best damn operating system I can".

Torvalds got his start in computers with a Commodore VIC-20, an 8-bit home computer. He then moved on to a Sinclair QL. Wikipedia reports that he modified the Sinclair "extensively, especially its operating system". Specifically, Torvalds hacks included "an assembler and a text editor… as well as a few games".

Torvalds created the Linux kernel in 1991, using the Minix operating system as inspiration. He started with a task switcher in Intel 80386 assembly and a terminal driver. After that, he put out a call for others to contribute code, which they did. Currently, only about 2 percent of the current Linux kernel is written by Torvalds himself. The success of this public invitation to contribute code for Linux is touted as one of the most prominent examples of free/open source software.

Currently, Torvalds serves as the Linux ringleader, coordinating the code that volunteer programmers contribute to the kernel. He has had an asteroid named after him and received honorary doctorates from Stockholm University and University of Helsinki. He was also featured in Time Magazine's "60 Years of Heroes".

4. Richard Stallman
Stallman's fame derives from the GNU Project, which he founded to develop a free operating system. For this, he's known as the father of free software. His "Serious Bio" asserts: "Non-free software keeps users divided and helpless, forbidden to share it and unable to change it. A free operating system is essential for people to be able to use computers in freedom".

Stallman, who prefers to be called rms, got his start hacking at MIT. He worked as a "staff hacker" on the Emacs project and others. He was a critic of restricted computer access in the lab. When a password system was installed, Stallman broke it down, resetting passwords to null strings, then sent users messages informing them of the removal of the password system.

Stallman's crusade for free software started with a printer. At the MIT lab, he and other hackers were allowed to modify code on printers so that they sent convenient alert messages. However, a new printer came along – one that they were not allowed to modify. It was located away from the lab and the absence of the alerts presented an inconvenience. It was at this point that he was "convinced... of the ethical need to require free software".

With this inspiration, he began work on GNU. Stallman wrote an essay, "The GNU Project", in which he recalls choosing to work on an operating system because it's a foundation "the crucial software to use a computer". At this time, the GNU/Linux version of the operating system uses the Linux kernel started by Torvalds. GNU is distributed under copyleft, a method that employs copyright law to allow users to use, modify, copy and distribute the software.

Stallman's life continues to revolve around the promotion of free software. He works against movements like Digital Rights Management (or as he prefers, Digital Restrictions Management) through organizations like Free Software Foundation and League for Programming Freedom. He has received extensive recognition for his work, including awards, fellowships and four honorary doctorates.

5. Tsutomu Shimomura
Shimomura reached fame in an unfortunate manner: he was hacked by Kevin Mitnick. Following this personal attack, he made it his cause to help the FBI capture him.

Shimomura's work to catch Mitnick is commendable, but he is not without his own dark side. Author Bruce Sterling recalls: "He pulls out this AT&T cellphone, pulls it out of the shrinkwrap, finger-hacks it, and starts monitoring phone calls going up and down Capitol Hill while an FBI agent is standing at his shoulder, listening to him".

Shimomura out-hacked Mitnick to bring him down. Shortly after finding out about the intrusion, he rallied a team and got to work finding Mitnick. Using Mitnick's cell phone, they tracked him near Raleigh-Durham International Airport. The article "SDSC Computer Experts Help FBI Capture Computer Terrorist" recounts how Shimomura pinpointed Mitnick's location. Armed with a technician from the phone company, Shimomura "used a cellular frequency direction-finding antenna hooked up to a laptop to narrow the search to an apartment complex". Mitnick was arrested shortly thereafter. Following the pursuit, Shimomura wrote a book about the incident with journalist John Markoff, which was later turned into a movie.

The bottom line is that the message must be perceived as having value.

Relevant or timely information, research, or studies are all examples of content that may be viewed as potential pass-along material. Interactive content like a quiz or test can inspire forwarding, especially if it's fun. Personality tests, fitness quizzes, or compatibility questionnaires are all things that have been passed to my inbox at one time or another. Why? Because they're entertaining. And entertainment has value!

A cool, multimedia experience is always going to achieve some pass-along. Rich media email is getting a lot of press lately. Vendors like RadicalMail and AdTools have Forward to a Friend capabilities built right into their technology, facilitating pass-along. And for them, right now, this works. Eventually, as rich media becomes more of the norm, marketers will still have to rely on the value proposition in their message being enough to distinguish their message from the rest to make their particular email campaign worthy of being sent to a friend.

Should you try to capitalize on viral marketing? Absolutely. You have to incorporate into your email campaigns some value that would inspire forwarding. Without a doubt, you should reap the benefits of reaching more than your target audience, stretching those advertising dollars. But understand that viral marketing is a tactic, a strategy, and an integral element of your offer. One that works toward achieving your campaign objectives. Incorporate this knowledge into your email campaigns.

One more thing: You can craft a brilliant offer and a great message, and follow all the rules of Email Marketing 101, but if a consumer visits your site and has an experience less than what was promised, youre going to achieve viral marketing as well the bad kind.

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What does a virus have to do with marketing? Viral marketing describes any strategy that encourages individuals to pass on a marketing message to others, creating the potential for exponential growth in the message's exposure and influence. Like viruses, such strategies take advantage of rapid multiplication to explode the message to thousands, to millions.

Off the Internet, viral marketing has been referred to as word-of-mouth, creating a buzz, leveraging the media, network marketing. But on the Internet, for better or worse, it's called viral marketing. While others smarter than I have attempted to rename it, to somehow domesticate and tame it, I won't try. The term viral marketing has stuck.

The Classic Hotmail.com Example

The classic example of viral marketing is Hotmail.com, one of the first free Web-based e-mail services. The strategy is simple:

1. Give away free e-mail addresses and services,
2. Attach a simple tag at the bottom of every free message sent out: "Get your private, free email at http://www.hotmail.com" and,
3. Then stand back while people e-mail to their own network of friends and associates,
4. Who see the message,
5. Sign up for their own free e-mail service, and then
6. Propel the message still wider to their own ever-increasing circles of friends and associates.

Like tiny waves spreading ever farther from a single pebble dropped into a pond, a carefully designed viral marketing strategy ripples outward extremely rapidly.

Elements of a Viral Marketing Strategy

Accept this fact. Some viral marketing strategies work better than others, and few work as well as the simple Hotmail.com strategy. But below are the six basic elements you hope to include in your strategy. A viral marketing strategy need not contain ALL these elements, but the more elements it embraces, the more powerful the results are likely to be. An effective viral marketing strategy:

1. Gives away products or services
2. Provides for effortless transfer to others
3. Scales easily from small to very large
4. Exploits common motivations and behaviors
5. Utilizes existing communication networks
6. Takes advantage of others' resources

Let's examine at each of these elements briefly.

1. Gives away valuable products or services

"Free" is the most powerful word in a marketer's vocabulary. Most viral marketing programs give away valuable products or services to attract attention. Free e-mail services, free information, free "cool" buttons, free software programs that perform powerful functions but not as much as you get in the "pro" version. Wilson's Second Law of Web Marketing is "The Law of Giving and Selling" (http://www.wilsonweb.com/wmta/basic-principles.htm). "Cheap" or "inexpensive" may generate a wave of interest, but "free" will usually do it much faster. Viral marketers practice delayed gratification. They may not profit today, or tomorrow, but if they can generate a groundswell of interest from something free, they know they will profit "soon and for the rest of their lives" (with apologies to "Casablanca"). Patience, my friends. Free attracts eyeballs. Eyeballs then see other desirable things that you are selling, and, presto! you earn money. Eyeballs bring valuable e-mail addresses, advertising revenue, and e-commerce sales opportunities. Give away something, sell something.

2. Provides for effortless transfer to others

Public health nurses offer sage advice at flu season: stay away from people who cough, wash your hands often, and don't touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. Viruses only spread when they're easy to transmit. The medium that carries your marketing message must be easy to transfer and replicate: e-mail, website, graphic, software download. Viral marketing works famously on the Internet because instant communication has become so easy and inexpensive. Digital format make copying simple. From a marketing standpoint, you must simplify your marketing message so it can be transmitted easily and without degradation. Short is better. The classic is: "Get your private, free email at http://www.hotmail.com." The message is compelling, compressed, and copied at the bottom of every free e-mail message.

3. Scales easily from small to very large

To spread like wildfire the transmission method must be rapidly scalable from small to very large. The weakness of the Hotmail model is that a free e-mail service requires its own mailservers to transmit the message. If the strategy is wildly successful, mailservers must be added very quickly or the rapid growth will bog down and die. If the virus multiplies only to kill the host before spreading, nothing is accomplished. So long as you have planned ahead of time how you can add mailservers rapidly you're okay. You must build in scalability to your viral model.

4. Exploits common motivations and behaviors

Clever viral marketing plans take advantage of common human motivations. What proliferated "Netscape Now" buttons in the early days of the Web? The desire to be cool. Greed drives people. So does the hunger to be popular, loved, and understood. The resulting urge to communicate produces millions of websites and billions of e-mail messages. Design a marketing strategy that builds on common motivations and behaviors for its transmission, and you have a winner.

5. Utilizes existing communication networks

Most people are social. Nerdy, basement-dwelling computer science grad students are the exception. Social scientists tell us that each person has a network of 8 to 12 people in their close network of friends, family, and associates. A person's broader network may consist of scores, hundreds, or thousands of people, depending upon her position in society. A waitress, for example, may communicate regularly with hundreds of customers in a given week. Network marketers have long understood the power of these human networks, both the strong, close networks as well as the weaker networked relationships. People on the Internet develop networks of relationships, too. They collect e-mail addresses and favorite website URLs. Affiliate programs exploit such networks, as do permission e-mail lists. Learn to place your message into existing communications between people, and you rapidly multiply its dispersion.

6. Takes advantage of others' resources

The most creative viral marketing plans use others' resources to get the word out. Affiliate programs, for example, place text or graphic links on others' websites. Authors who give away free articles, seek to position their articles on others' webpages. A news release can be picked up by hundreds of periodicals and form the basis of articles seen by hundreds of thousands of readers. Now someone else's newsprint or webpage is relaying your marketing message. Someone else's resources are depleted rather than your own.

History

The term Viral Marketing was coined by a Harvard Business School professor, Jeffrey F. Rayport, in a December 1996 article for Fast Company The Virus of Marketing. The term was further popularized by Tim Draper and Steve Jurvetson of the venture capital firm Draper Fisher Jurvetson in 1997 to describe Hotmail's e-mail practice of appending advertising for itself in outgoing mail from their users.

Among the first to write about viral marketing on the Internet was media critic Douglas Rushkoff in his 1994 book Media Virus. The assumption is that if such an advertisement reaches a "susceptible" user, that user will become "infected" (i.e., sign up for an account) and can then go on to infect other susceptible users. As long as each infected user sends mail to more than one susceptible user on average (i.e., the basic reproductive rate is greater than one), standard in epidemiology imply that the number of infected users will grow according to a logistic curve, whose initial segment appears exponential.

Among the first to write about algorithms designed to identify people with high Social Networking Potential is Bob Gerstley in Advertising Research is Changing. Gerstley uses SNP algorithms in quantitative marketing research to help marketers maximize the effectiveness of viral marketing campaigns.

Notable examples of viral marketing

* BusinessWeek (2001) described web-based campaigns for Hotmail (1996) and The Blair Witch Project (1999) as striking examples of viral marketing, but warned of some dangers for imitation marketers.

* Burger King's The Subservient Chicken campaign was cited in Wired as a striking example of viral or word-of-mouth marketing.

* In 2000, Slate described TiVo's unpublicized gambit of giving free TiVo's to web-savvy enthusiasts to create "viral" word of mouth, pointing out that a viral campaign differs from a publicity stunt.

* Cadbury's Dairy Milk 2007 Gorilla advert was heavily popularised on YouTube and Facebook.

* With the emergence of Web 2.0, mostly all web startups like facebook.com, youtube.com, collabotrade.com, myspace.com, and digg.com have made good use of Viral Marketing by merging it with the social networking.

* The release of the 2007 concept album Year Zero by Nine Inch Nails involved a viral marketing campaign, including the band leaving USB drives at concerts during NIN's 2007 European Tour. This was followed up with a series of interlinked websites revealing clues and information about the dystopian future in which the album is set.

* The film Cloverfield initially released one teaser trailer that did not reveal the title—only the release date. The subsequent online viral marketing campaign for the film is remarkably complex, making use of everything from fictitious company websites to MySpace profiles for the film's main characters.

* In 2007, World Wrestling Entertainment promoted the return of Chris Jericho with a viral marketing campaign using 15-second cryptic binary code videos. The videos contained hidden messages and biblical links related to Jericho, although speculation existed throughout WWE fans over who the campaign targeted. The text "Save Us" and "2nd Coming" were most prominent in the videos. The campaign spread throughout the internet with numerous websites, though no longer operational, featuring hidden messages and biblical links to further hint at Jericho's return.

* In 2007, portuguese football club Sporting integrated a viral feature in their campaign for season seats. In their website, a video required the user to input his name and phone number before playback started, which then featured the coach Paulo Bento and the players waiting at the locker room while he makes a phone call to the user telling him that they just can't start the season until the user buys his season ticket. Flawless video and phone call synchronization and the fact that it was a totally new experience for the user led to nearly 200,000 pageviews phone calls in less than 24 hours.

Viral content is an awful phrase. It's used by marketers - and generally means material designed to propagate a message or meme, usually with an eye to some commercial gain. But the content itself needn't be a bad thing - and the qualities of great viral content can be used on their own merits. Here are 7 such features of great viral content - and they all begin with Q.

Quality

An easy one to begin with: Quality. And not quality as in 'a quality', quality as in 'good'. If you want your content to be shared, you need to make sure it's up to scratch. If it's a video, make sure your production is slick. If it's written content, you'd better spell check it. A lack of professionalism can be endearing in some cases, but usually - quality is important.

Quantity

If one is good, two is better. If two is better, then the more content you've got to spread then the more likely it is that it will. Certain types of content, such as compendiums and lists, benefit the most from this - a list of 10 amusing facts is good, but one hundred? Even better.

Quantifiable

It's no good just having quantity - you also need to let people know exactly what to expect. Quantify your content - if you've got a list of the top 100 websites fit for a certain purpose, then refer to it as a 'Top 100 List'. If you've got quantity, then quantify your content so people know what to expect.

Quirky

People are drawn to the unusual - it grabs their attention, and that's half the battle. Quirkyness, if done right, can be a great means of getting your stuff to spread. Whether it's just 'different' or a full-blown case of the 'WTF!?', standing out in a crowd is good.

Questioning

If you can incite questions in the mind of your audience, then you could be onto a winner - debate, controversy and opinion can be a great way of stirring up a 'buzz'. Of course, there's a fine line between a delightfully incisive opinion point and trolling, but that's another matter altogether...

Quotidian

Meaning 'ordinary' or 'common', this might seem a little mundane - out of place - when compared to the other points. But some restraint is advised when considering more outlandish ideas or efforts - if you strive too hard then your audience simply won't 'get it'. This applies to the topics/subjects you cover, too - if they're too obscure, then finding the right audience could be tricky. Not everybody wants to read about the 'Top 10 ways to Optimise SQL in FORTRAN running on OS/2' - specialist content won't fare well virally.

Qismet

I may be stretching the bounds of the English language here, but 'qismet' is an alternative transliteration of the Arabic word 'kismet' - meaning destiny, or fate. That is to say, there are no silver bullets in viral media - sometimes a sprinkling of luck is what's needed most. Stick to the points above though, and you may just be on the right track.

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What's Wrong With My Blog?
A guide to common pitfalls, mistakes & faux pas in blogging

Creating a blog is easy - but alas, building a readership is somewhat more difficult. So where do nascent bloggers most commonly go wrong?

 

Ensure you have enough content

If your blog is still wet behind the ears, it's likely that you don't have a lot of articles on the site. Some readers will be put off by this - new blogs are created all the time and a certain percentage of those never get off the ground. If you have a decent amount of content in your archives, then new readers will be more inclined to stick around and subscribe to your feeds for future material.

Clarify your blog's topic - diversify or focus on a niche if necessary

One trouble with personal blogs is that the topics covered can be very disparate - it's better to focus on a distinct set of topics. Clearly specifying a topic (either through consistent posts, in a tagline, or on an 'about' page) will help tell your readers exactly what you're about.

Accept that some topics are just too marginal

Some topics are more popular than others - if you choose something too obscure, you may struggle to find readers. Niche blogs can be a good way of creating a smaller, more dense and closely-knit readership, but if you're after a large following, you need to write about something with mass appeal.

Controversy doesn't wash well

Building a successful blog based on controversial content can be tricky. If you're writing stuff which a lot of people disagree with, particularly if it's written in a caustic way, then you may evoke a response but you won't find a lasting readership.

Consider your blog's brand

If you can couple your visual identity and content theme, you're onto a winner. Creating a cohesive 'brand' for your blog can be a great way of establishing a clear niche and can help build a solid readership.

Update often, but don't let quality suffer

Regular posts will make your readers want to come back more often - but that doesn't mean that you should post for the sake of it. Essentially this means you need a steady stream of high-quality articles - but you weren't under the impression this was going to be easy, were you?
Ensure linkability

Links are the most important element to growing a blog. Organic traffic is boosted, traffic elevated and exposure is increased with every link. 'Linkability', then, is ensuring you do everything you can to facilitate the process of getting links.

A few key points: Make sure your blog has permalinks, and make sure they're obvious enough for people to find. Ensure that older content stays in the same location, and isn't deleted, renamed or moved - and if you have to (for instance, if you move your blog to a new platform or domain) - make sure you redirect from old to new. Finally, make sure your content is worth linking to!

Don't over-monetise

If you plaster your blog with AdSense and have no traffic, you're not going to see any revenue. Over monetisation can turn new readers away, particularly on a new blog. It's tempting to cram ads on your site in the early days to try and drum up some cash, but you should consider restraint when it could have an adverse effect on your popularity.

Make sure your SEO is up to scratch

You don't have to don your black hat to be mindful of search engines - but make sure you get the basics right. Write headlines with search engines in mind, ensuring you title your posts with something resembling the search phrases that you'd use to find it. Technical considerations extend to the use of the headline in the page title - something most blog platforms do - and the use of H1 tags to semantically identify the title in the page content itself.

Patience, patience, patience!

Perhaps the most important piece of advice for new bloggers - patience is essential in terms of building a readership. It isn't going to happen overnight - for a new blog on a new domain it takes a spectacular amount of work. A lot of your initial work will be in assembling a set of post archives that will drive organic traffic (= potential new readers) and help you develop and improve your blogging techniques.

il consiglio è sempre lo stesso: se ti interessi di arte, nel senso di fare dell'arte, non puoi prescindere dal vedere i quadri dal vivo. qualsiasi fotografia risulta sempre deludente a confronto. e le opere minori hanno molto più da dire dei capolavori. che poi mi chiedo: chi ha deciso che i capolavori son quelli?

ho visitato la mostra di renoir al vittoriano, assieme a quella sull'unità d'italia e della settimana della scienza (per i bimbi!).
l'avevo già osservato attentamente al museo d'orsay, ma vedere bozze, incompiute e disegni è un'altra cosa.
pierre auguste renoir è indiscutibilmente un grande ma non sono favorevolissimo a certe elucubrazioni di critici e galleristi sul suo conto. ecco i miei pensieri riguardo la mostra.

è un pittore che ha attraversato l'impressionismo con distacco. ha esposto prima al salon ufficiale, poi a quello des refusès (dei rifiutati, quindi gli impressionisti), poi di nuovo al salon, poi ha preso a dir di no ad entrambi. amici suoi erano sisley, monet e caillebotte. monet specialmente, si scrivevano spesso e di cose molto umane, tipo "sono andato a questi funerali" e "grazie dei fior". poi si è aggiunto un tipo che gli ha comprato la bellezza di 170 quadri in dieci anni. Renoiur è venuto in italia una volta sola attorno ai 40 e ne è rimasto impressionato.
appunto.

ha un rapporto con le dimensioni dei quadri molto umano. faceva quadri che possono entrare nelle case, e che son belli se visti da lontano, mentre leggi dall'altra parte della stanza, o quando ci passi davanti velocemente. che vanno bene se hai una casa piccola, non una reggia. ecco cosa è per lui l'impressionismo.

i soggetti che sceglieva si rifanno allo stesso ragionamento: prendere il caffelatte davanti a 8 metri quadri di nave che affonda nella tempesta, seppur firmata william turner, non faceva per lui. quindi gente tranquilla, simpatica e rilassata. scene rilassanti, colori rilassanti. sui canoni poi, c'è poco da dire: nella maggior parte delle tele trovi l'idea di bellezza che poi è diventata sua moglie, addirittura prima che la conoscesse. forse l'ha sposata proprio perchè vi si avvicinava, o forse la conosceva già da molto tempo, non lo so. è curioso come, in numerosi disegni preparatori e prove tecniche, sia possibile trovare la donna assorta ed un po' fuori contesto della colazione dei canottieri.
nei volti dei bambini trovi invece i figli.
nei volti degli amici trovi quel che volevano vedere gli amici degli amici. si nota immediatamente che gli sfondi dipinti per le sue prove son ben diversi da quelli delle tele su commissione: solo in questo caso infatti ingentiliva le forme, cercando di connotare positivamente il soggetto (di lì sfruttando qualsiasi elemento compositivo, sfondo incluso).
diverso invece il discorso sulle tele fatte per sè, in cui vedeva l'imperfezione con naturalezza, senza morbosità.

i capolavori che ho visto sono (i titoli li dò io, perchè finchè non mi fanno leggere dietro il telaio una esplicita informazione autografa, son convinto che siano solo opera della fantasia dei critici):

- una veduta di parigi ed una di casa sua dal cortile (The Garden in Montmartre,1890), da guardare lontanissime. luminose e rilassanti.

- un bimbo triste, per la verità somigliante ad andy serkis (smeagol / gollum de il signore degli anelli) da bambino: occhi un pizzico storti ed un tocco di grigio chiaro sui capelli della fronte. pelle fatta a pennellate rosa e grigio, che seguono l'andamento morfologico del volto, dando l'impressione che questo bambino abbia vissuto in verità 500 anni. orecchie a sventola (la destra superflua, quasi incerta tra il prolungamento dei capelli, ma necessaria a bilanciare il tutto).

- zingarella (Gypsy Girl,1879) e piccolo lord: occhi penetranti, posa naturale spalle indietro tipo foto di moda odierna, vestito etereo e sfondo coloratissimo la prima; fondo scuro, occhi bassi e vestito blu il secondo, con risvolto della blusa bianco a tracciare una linea che divide il quadro diagonalmente a tre quarti, per bilanciare la postura e l'espressione da piccolo lord imbarazzato a farsi ritrarre. non lo dico io: se lo guardi da vicino è chiarissimo che quella linea sia stata ritoccata più di una volta.

- domitilla all'osteria: donna paffuta con gote rosse, stanca di lavorare fino a notte fonda (riscontrabile anche in Andree in Blue, Andree in Yellow Turban and Blue Skirt, che son ritratti di Andree Heurschling).

- ritratto per una ragazza che ama la vita: beata lei, perchè una persona che ti ritrae con un'espressione ed un'espressività così...

- i giardino con le grate per i rampicanti: una grata approssimativa e maldestra posta a centro quadro sullo sfondo, si rivela a 3 metri di distanza un accorgimento che rende perfettamente l'idea di sole che filtra tra le piante. la grata in alto a sinistra è invece perfetta così, con otto trattini incrociati di un giallo sporco chiarissimo e di un grigetto azzurro.

ad un certo punto (ho letto la lettera manoscritta, non è un'invenzione di quelle dei critici...) ha deciso che l'impressionismo era per lui un vicolo cieco, che magari poteva sperimentar su altre cose, e come ogni buon cristiano l'ha fatto. gli piaceva la cellulite, la schiena monoblocco con il sedere, senza curve. ho visto capelli dipinti con macchie di blu, verde smeraldo, grigio, viola e rossiccio, tirati con la mano messa a spatola a seguire l'andamento del cranio, su fondo verde prato al centro, a diradare verso un verde bosco di tonalità grigio 60.

ho visto delle pennellate date a punta secca sui bordi frastagliati, tipo tra i capelli e la pelle del viso.
ho visto un totale disinteresse per il dettaglio esclusi gli occhi, sempre blu e profondi.
mani e piedi eran per lui del tutto trascurabili. anzi: proprio dei salsicciotti informi.
i vestiti hanno solo il compito di raccordare e bilanciare i volti, che son sempre il centro percettivo della composizione (mi riferisco ai quadri fatti per lui, non a quelli su commissione).
donne paffute e goffe, viste da lontano diventano di un'eleganza priva di qualsiasi spocchia e malinconia.

scolpiva l'argilla finalizzandola in bronzi, colpito dall'artite dovette smettere. assunse un tipo a sostituirlo, ma durò poco tempo perchè i risultati non eran soddisfacenti.
il tratto dei bronzi è lo stesso dei quadri: sporco e frastagliato, significativo nelle espressioni e tutt'altro che levigante (tipo ad ingentilire espressioni e rughe).

i suoi manoscritti son curiosi: carta a quadretti di infima qualità, a volte con intestazione di hotel e macellerie, poche ciance e frivolezze, poche chiacchiere e pensieri metafisici, entusiasmo e concretezza invece. l'artrite si vede da un certo punto in poi: scriveva peggio di mia nonna. immagino come gli si eran ridotte le mani. di certo era persona umile ed affabile, un autentico bonaccione, felice nel godere di un ambiente familiare sereno, poco attaccato ai valori terreni.

ahh... che sollievo. il mio bloggo-notes.

Whether you're a blogger, a journalist or social bookmarker, writing a great headline is a must if you want to capture your reader's interest. Faced with an ever increasing wave of blogs, RSS subscriptions, and links, the headline is more important now than it ever has been.

So how do you engage your readers? How do you get your RSS subscribers to click the link in their feedreader? There's no definitive way to maximize your exposure, but there are certainly a few ways that have proven popular. Follow these tips, and you might just be able to conjure up some interest.

Mention keywords & hot trends

People love to read stories about topics they're interested in. Some trends endure longer than others, whilst some are short lived - but if you're writing about a hot topic, be sure to drop in those keywords to whet your reader's appetite.

So what defines such a hot topic? Well, at the time of writing, the next-gen console wars are raging,so anything with 'PS3', or (especially) 'Wii' in the headline will garner a good amount of attention. 'Web 2.0' and 'AJAX' are strong keywords amongst the web design crowd, and current events (including but not limited to politics/icians, war, celebrities et al.) also prove popular.

For example,

Bad headline : 'Qatar TV Channel aquires new hardware'

Good headline : 'Al Jazeera International chooses Apple Technology'

Quite a polarized example, perhaps - but if you're writing about a topic that will gain interest of its own accord - in the above example, both the term 'Apple' and 'Al Jazeera' will get clicks, although for altogether different reasons.
Best tip, ever: Use superlatives

This point is perhaps particularly relevant to social bookmarking sites, but the use of a superlative is a good way to get clicks on your headline. In fact, it's probably the BEST way.

For example,

Bad headline: 'Send large files to your friends'

Good headline: 'The easiest way to send Super Large Files'

Not just files. Super Large Files. Not just a way. The easiest way.

If you want to hype up your headline somewhat, then there's no cruder way than to bung in a superlative or two. It does look cheap, some people don't like it - but others do. Your mileage may vary, depending on your readership.

So if you must, use the words 'best ever' or 'worst' or 'longest' or 'coolest' in your headline. It might just do the job.

Summarise it all in one sentence

If your article isn't about the Nintendo Wii, or you can't justifiably refer to it as the 'best ever', then your best shot might be to blurt out everything in a few short words.

This sort of headline works great for science or technology findings - give away the result of the article in one short sentence and you might just pique the reader's interest enough to click through and read the whole article.

For example,

Bad headline: 'Scientists conduct cell transplant experiments'

Good headline: 'Scientists grow human ear on back of a mouse'

It's not sensational, it's not necessarily riding on the influence of a few keywords, but it is info-dense, and is far more likely to attract clicks than a less informative headline.
Pose a question (or an opinion dressed as a question)

In some circumstances, you may not want to give away the conclusion of a given article - indeed, the article may be of a speculative nature in itself. In this case a leading question can make a great headline.

Contentious or opinion pieces can be written with leading questions, preparing the reader for a discursive essay - indeed, the lead-in question itself can be loaded or controversial.

For example,

Bad headline: 'Zune not much better than the iPod'

Good headline: 'Is the Zune any better than the iPod?'

In this particular case, revealing the result of the review could lessen the effect (unlike research, studies, as per point 3) - but a loaded question can essentially contain the same information whilst leaving the opinion to the article itself.

Such a loaded question is likely to rile fanboys into response, as well - if it's an inflammatory piece you're after, then a loaded question in the headline is the way to go.

Use lists to gain interests

Finally, and perhaps the most tawdry of all, is the blogger's fallback - the numbered list.

Although it's a cheap shot, lists can be a popular addition to social bookmarking - whether it's a 'Top 100 films of all time' or 'Top 10 HTML tags', you'll be sure to gain some quick interest for those looking for a bite-sized read. If nothing else, you'll leave them wondering what attained #1.

You do run the risk of being dismissed as 'blogspam' if you overuse this technique - and already the method is dwindling in popularity due to overuse. However, used subtly, and with new, interesting content, the list or run-down can be a great no-brainer for both the content and the headline.

For example,

Bad headline: 'Great films released this year'

Good headline: 'The Top 10 films of 2034'

'Top 10s' are particularly popular, least of all because they present easily-skimmable information that can be digested in a short few minutes, and they embody an opinion by ranking things in a particular order.

Listing specifics, as with the year '2006' in the example above, adds further to the headline by giving it a sense of 'officialness', were it needed.

The humble bullet-pointed list can be misused as somewhat of a crutch, but there's no denying the fact that they can get some serious exposure.

Which summarises this list of sorts-5 different techniques that can better align a headline to gain more attention. Some are crafty, others overused and tired, but all can be used in specific situations to garner more clicks.

Punching up your headlines can help in a number of ways - RSS subscribers will generally judge a blog post by the headline, only stopping by to read if you grab their attention - the same applies for organic traffic. Popularity on Digg, Reddit, and other social bookmarking sites can be attained far easier with the right headlines - if you can successfully get a hook in the first sentence of your article, then you'll have a much better chance of getting them to read the whole shebang.

Your Outward Links Can Kill Your Rankings!

Link building strategies have, for most people for a long time, revolved around reciprocal link exchanges. Whilst most people understand that links are important, they generally don't understand why this is so. In a nutshell, a link to your site has traditionally been accepted by Search Engines as a vote for your site. A link from a topic or theme-related site to yours is better than a link from a site having a completely different topic. An important site's link to yours carries more weight - for example from The Open Directory, or Yahoo Directory. All pretty straightforward...

BUT... the rules have changed... significantly! All the thinking webmasters worked diligently to build links - willy-nilly - in order to subvert the search engine rankings and gain an advantage to themselves at the expense of everyone else. For a long time, there have been mutterings about this, and comments from Google staffers about possible penalties from linking to "bad neighbourhoods'" and - heaven forbid it - buying links! Google et al simply don't approve of willy-nilly link-building schemes, and have recently tightened the screws a bit more, in two notable ways...

Bad Links

Some links are bad... for example, if you are a car sales company and you've got dozens of completely irrelevant links to international hotel sites... yeah, YOU know the ones! in Prague, Munich, Shanghai etc! That's a BAD neighbourhood over there! That IS going to put a world of hurt on you! And as for the Free-For-All link sites, web rings, and 3 way link schemes... that's just suicide in cyberspace! Why? Coz its a blatant and completely indefensible attempt at cheating the system!

Reciprocal Links - Almost a Waste of Effort

Reciprocal links are still of some value, providing the link titles are explicit, and if the page they link to you from has a higher Page Rank than the page from which you link to them. The concept of a link to you being a vote for you, and being added to your site's Total Vote Count has a flip side. A link from you to someone else essentially deducts one vote from your total vote count... meaning its value is minimal when compared to a 1-way incoming back-link!

1-Way Outward Links Are Toxic

Ok, lets assume you are a service provider, maybe a health clinic, and you deal with hospitals, other doctors, specialists, nurses, laboratories. So, as a benefit to your visitors, you place direct links to their web resources on your links page. Is that clever?

Most certainly it is NOT! Transfusion time, because you'll be haemorrhaging Page Rank with nothing in return! Do it, but be smart about it, because there is NOTHING to be gained (by you) from linking to any site that does not link back. So make sure your links include the "nofollow" attribute that tells SE's that the link is NOT a vote by your site for that site!

Link Content Is Mission Critical

This is mission critical because Google and others have decided that they can't trust you to be honest about your site! Basically, it seems like there are two web tribes - those who know not so much about how things work, and those who know more than they should. There should also be a flourishing third tribe, who just build great sites with lots of terrific content that automatically ranks highly - but nobody's seen nuthin' from those guys for ages!

The tribe who know more than they should ruthlessly manipulate every available loophole to dominate search engine rankings, at the expense of those who have yet to read SEO For Dummies. Therefore, Google decided that its essential that there is some external correlation between what YOU say your site is about, and what OTHER people say your site is about... This is done by analysing the words in the Link Title on all links pointing to your site. Bottom line here is - if a keyword phrase does NOT appear on links to your site, you ain't gonna rank for that phrase!

For many established sites, this is the main reason they might have experienced a noticeable decline in rankings in the last few months. Most older sites will have a majority of incoming links based on their business name, and NOT on their activities / products / services / location etc. To use the common "widgets" analogy - if you are selling "widgets" and all your incoming link Titles have only your business name e.g. Smiths Manufacturing Co Ltd, it's now very difficult for you to rank for "widgets"!

Backlink analysis reveals this shortcoming rather quickly and, lucky for you, it is possible to remedy this by building 1-way incoming back-links using multiple Title / Description combinations that contain a good spread of relevant keywords. It does require some keyword research, and it is tedious - but if you don't do it, you are certainly not going forwards! But your competitors might be...

non trovo più modo di sentirmi creativo (ovvero: come dovrei, pronto ad affrontare lo spazio bianco) se continuo a navigare su internet.
trovo sempre un numero imprecisato di novità che mi lasciano su due piedi affascinato, ma che mi inducono a considerare il mio lavoro un'anticaglia. quando invece so benissimo che potrebbe non esserlo, se solo avessi la forza di non tradirmi con idee altrui.

ho deciso quindi le seguenti:

1) non modificherò più radicalmente (quel che chiamano restyling) i miei siti internet. ovviamente escludo il caso in cui il restyling sia dovuto a motivi tecnici o di usabilità (totale sostituzione dei meccanismi sottostanti l'interfaccia).
dico quindi oggi che, se mai sopravviveranno al tempo, i miei spazi su internet saranno antiquariato del web fra appena 3 anni.

2) utilizzerò lavori altrui in maniera indiscriminata, come internet mi insegna. di questo concetto farò un cavallo di battaglia, tanto possiedo i mezzi necessari per riprodurre anche una scadente immagine larga 600 pixel in stampe di 5 metri. non una stampa, ho detto, ma stampe.
perchè visto che non credo al diritto d'autore, e ringrazio internet per avermelo fatto capire due anni fa, voglio andarci fino in fondo.

3) non dedicherò tempo a progetti che tentino di esser in competizione con una realtà già affermata. quasi mi viene voglia di dire che voglio far tutto da solo. ma è più corretto dire che dedicherò tempo a collaborazioni alla pari, anche se son rare le opportunità.
il concetto principale è raggruppare chi, come me prima di oggi, tenta di ritagliarsi uno spazio non capendo che la concorrenza è enorme. oramai anche nelle nicchie (di chi produce etere, informazione o fuffa che sia - beni di non primaria necessità, anche se sono una componente importantissima del mio benessere psichico) c'è un'assurda competizione .
allora al posto di centocinquanta prodotti buoni, è meglio raggruppare il meglio di tutti e tirarne fuori uno che entri nel commercio reale e sia ottimo.

sono fiducioso nel riuscire a produrre mie idee, nella speranza che siano nuove.
penso che nessuno potrà mai tenere sotto controllo una tale mole di nomi e di informazioni.
credo che questo mio stato d'animo sia trasmissibile in qualsiasi professione. lo specchio del mondo è enorme, ma qualcuno dovrà pur riuscire a domarlo.

la televisione ci rende ciechi, diminuisce la nostra capacità di pensare; e allo stesso tempo non porta libertà allo spirito. agisce come la schizofrenia: ci mette in testa immagini di realtà che sono fuori dalle nostre esperienze, producendo falsità ed alterazione.

la televisione è corruzione per definizione, porno per vocazione. non è finestra ma vetrina. fa male soprattutto a chi la fa, accentuando le malattie della personalità. come falene attirate dai riflettori, persone che son normali diventano dei format viventi. chi scrive per la televisione, provoca con quel che esiste, preparando la trappola. è la gente che si suicida, perchè si: la vanità è il motore del mondo.

la tv va presa in piccole dosi. cominci a fare zapping e a vedere cinque programmi contemporaneamente. e non ti soddisfa nessuno. ti innervosisci, ma non spegni, perchè ti si addormenta il carattere.
troppe gratificazioni vengono oggi dallo spingere un bottone. potremmo ad un certo punto dimenticarci di avere un corpo.

oltre a porno la tv è necrofilia. gli stessi telegiornali sono diventati assurdamente violenti. gli omicidi in italia non son mai stati così pochi da decenni, eppure sembra il contrario. solo un tipo di omicidi è aumentato: quelli commessi da familiari. appunto in casa: dove il telecomando ha sostituito il dialogo.

penso che toglierò da casa mia l'antenna televisiva.
questo non vuol dire che rinuncerò al cinema.
ma non voglio che a cena, con compagne, amici e figli, si stia in silenzio ad ascoltare anche solo una cosa che non ci tocca in prima persona.

ho conosciuto linux nel 2002, con mandrake che non ho mai installato, poi nel 2003 con red-hat e knoppix.
nel 2005 scientific linux del cern, fedora, debian e qualche riga di gentoo ( :/ aagh!) mi hanno entusiasmato.
l'anno scorso per un set visivo ho usato dyne:bolic & pure:dyne, due distro live di linux, ed è stata sinfonia.
ed ecco ubuntu / kubuntu / edubuntu / xubuntu / fluxbuntu (-ubuntu: anc.afr. "humanity to others") che girano anche sui miei computer vecchiotti!

ho scritto quindi a ubuntu per ringraziarli di esistere, spiegando quel che faccio rimediando pezzi vecchi e riassemblando pc che sei anni fa avrebbero fatto gola a chiunque. di tutta risposta mi hanno mandato 17 copie di ubuntu (con due per architetture 64bit), 15 di kubuntu e 15 di edubuntu!

si vede subito però la differenza tra olanda ed italia. loro mi dicono che arriva fra 4 mesi, ed invece me lo spediscono dopo 2 settimane. mi recapitano un pacco di tale importanza gratuitamente, con scritto chiaro e tondo copia, modifica e ridistribuisci (ovvero l'esatto contrario del dannato copyright) più un messaggio personale ed adesivi. arrivato in italia invece, il solito furbone delle poste (perchè di un impiegato di poste italiane spa si tratta!) distrugge il pacco e mi fa arrivare a casa quel che resta, raffazzonato alla meglio.

eh no!

al di là del fatto che mi capita spessissimo che qualcuno si metta a curiosare tra la mia posta (comprese lettere in carta normale, e questo già non mi va), ma mettiamoci pure che poi a casa non arriva per niente quel che deve arrivare e mi arrabbio!
quindi: poste italiane deve fallire. affidatevi a fedex, ups oppure sda, che i pacchi arrivano sani e salvi, senza ammaccature o prelievi, e soprattutto in tempo.

ora allegramente distribuirò il tutto in giro.
mi raccomando: passiamo tutti a linux. arriverà il momento che quelle ciofeche di sistemi operativi microsoft saranno sepolti, e che grandi ditte come adobe, max, ableton, apple e microsoft stessa saranno costrette a rivolgersi al mercato dell'open source. magari con prodotti come quelli attuali, pacchetti software chiusi ma di grande qualità, però compatibili con un sistema operativo certamente migliore dei concorrenti e soprattutto gratuito.

è quindi qui posto a sempiterna memoria l'altare di ubuntu: linux for human beings.

scarica l'ubuntu info pack in italiano
ho tradotto del materiale informativo per preparare la lettera da inviare alle scuole, visto che devo distribuire i cd, ed ho pensato che potrebbe esser utile ad altri.
li ho buttati anche nel wiki di ubuntu nella sezione diy.
trovi nel .rar : brochure italiana di presentazione del progetto ubuntu in .pdf, loghi vettoriali di ubuntu, kubuntu ed edubuntu in .eps, chicklet (bottone per il sito) e qualcos'altro in .png.

 

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ps: molti cercano la distro giusta. la formula magica non c'è, ma dalla mia esperienza pure:dyne va bene per set audio-visivi, xubuntu o fluxbuntu per computer vecchi, e kubuntu per gli ingegneri perchè è tanto simpatica.
se volete imparare più in profondità, consiglio debian o gentoo.
un mio amico, vincenzo laurenziello, su vinx.tuxfamily.org, vi permette di costruirvi la vostra distro basata su slackware.

ciao amichetti.

c'ho voglia de spigne 'stà storia.

in my (disgraced) dad's computer, a new problem is born: a file called sehenlugk.exe in every hard disk's root.

first of all: this is not a straight-out-of-the-box windows xp professional file.
this comes probably from malicious code.

via command prompt, i have deleted manually this file in every one of the six hard disks.
then i deleted the primary partition, formatted, and reinstalled the worldwide - (in)famous
fckgw-rhqq2-yxrkt-8tg6w-2b7q8 operating system.

the new born os says that my hard disks lacks of that (damn!) file, so it won't open them.
scandisk with filesystem and boot sector renewal sorts no effect.
and searching about the strange file, brought a singular "no results found" from google!

i think this comes from a boot sector virus, but my father's pc is not online, and he does not use any pendrive or removable media. so, i think it comes from a modified version of windows xp, downloaded from some peer that inserted in the normal operating system such a virus or so.

guesses and hints are welcome.
i have 32 hours to solve this.

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ok, ok.
check these out:

- don't reinstall your os with lan cables connected. viruses and trojans travel also via lan and run directly during the install process.
- install avira antivirus.
- this type of viruses generate random filenames for their branches in os folders.
- switch to linux when feasible.
- take two or three camomillas.

after two weeks, our pcs aren't this ok. so, f**k you all damn bastards, trojan inventors and vulnerabilities' indiana jones.

f**k you all.

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also on these screens:

- tested pure:dyne & dyne:bolic linux distros for multimedia.
- installed fluxbuntu & xubuntu lightweight linux distros for old personal computers (reccomended!).
- installed 5+gigs genève cern's scientific linux. boh?! x___o
- in the meanwhile mounted new desktops, new chairs, and mixed furniture in my father's studio... too bored installing windows five times.
- general cleaning up (on andromeda, phoenix, cassiopea and libra), plus rebirth of old pcs (deneb and vega) and harddisks (zero, dok, negatives, 17k and wetgraphics) !

what does this mean? next time, pay attention about where you click that damn mouse-pointer.

This post should provide you with a better idea of what types of games exist and which ones are possible in Flash.
There are also some strong reasons for not choosing Flash as your development platform. It's important to know them as well, before you get started and encounter unpleasant surprises.

Performance
Macromedia spent thousands of hours making the required Flash plug-in for the Web as as possible so that the maximum number of people could download it easily. But that required some and the major one was performance. Flash underperforms virtually all other game-development platforms speed of code execution and graphics rendering. On the other side of the fence, game-development like Macromedia Director and WildTangent perform very well—but have enormous plug-ins. As a result, few people can view such content without being forced to download the plug-in in addition to the game.

Lack of 3D support
Flash doesn't provide native support for real 3D engines or for any sort of texture mapping (the act of applying an image to a 3D polygon).

Lack of operating-system integration
When you run your game as a Projector file, Flash cannot easily talk to the local operating system to do things like browse files on the hard drive. (But this type of possible with the use of third-party software such as Northern Codeworks' SWF Studio, available at http://www.northcode.com.) Most of the developers who choose Flash as their game-creation tool do so because they want their games be available to many people easily on the Internet. If the intention is to have the game available offline on ROM, then Flash is still a choice—just not necessarily the best choice.

Infeasible Game Features
It is much easier to talk about things Flash cannot do easily than to discuss everything it can do. Here I'll on some things that are very difficult to achieve in Flash, or that aren't feasible for another reason. I don't to say anything is impossible with Flash, because there are so many creative people out there with dozens tricks to make the seemingly impossible possible.

3D rendering with texture mapping
Many people have created 3D engines with ActionScript. A 3D engine is code that can take 3D coordinates map them onto your screen. While these engines actually manipulate coordinates in 3D space and then map
them correctly back onto a 2D screen, there are three major limitations:

Texture mapping
You cannot map textures (bitmap images) onto an object in Flash. As I have already mentioned, many people make creative attempts to get around program obstacles. People have successfully done very simple mapping onto flat surfaces.

Z-sorting
This refers to the order in which objects appear in front of other objects. In real 3D rendering games, the sorting order is not limited to whole objects, but can actually pierce surfaces of objects (if two things happen to be moving through each other). Flash is limited to sorting at the movie-clip level.

Speed
Three-dimensional engines written in Flash can typically handle only simple shapes, and they retain frame rate close to the frame rate of your SWF. Complex scenes are often very CPU-intensive, and the rate can suffer as a result.

Real-time multiplayer games
Creating this kind of game is certainly possible, but for many reasons it is not easy to accomplish. One of the
main factors is the nature of these games. Due to network latency, it would be very difficult, if even possible,
create a real-time multiplayer game like, say, Mortal Kombat. However, some real-time multiplayer games
lack interaction between players, such as a scavenger hunt, might be more feasible.

Intense real-time calculation
I know this sounds like a vague limitation. But when you're creating a game, it is important (although admittedly difficult) to think ahead and try to guess how intense the calculations are going to be. For a game that has dozens of enemies—who all think for themselves and constantly run around trying to decide what to do next—is an excellent candidate to bog down the computer processor! You'll have to do a lot of testing and experimenting to determine exactly how many of these enemies the computer can handle and perform well.

But...

Web deployment
Since Flash files are designed to be viewed in Web pages, Flash is a good choice if you want your game to be available on the Internet.

Small file size
Flash makes use of vector graphics and compressed sound files, so a Flash game's final file size can be exponentially smaller than those of games developed on other platforms.

Plug-in penetration
The plug-in that's required for viewing Flash files in a Web page comes with all major browsers. More than 98 percent of people on the Internet worldwide can view Flash content. The exact penetration for each version of the plug-in is listed on the Macromedia Web site (go to
www.macromedia.com/software/player_census).

Server-side integration
Flash games can talk to the server seamlessly. Using Flash's built-in features, can communicate with server-side applications that make chats, multiplayer games, and high score lists possible.

File sharing
Between programmer and graphic artists/designers, and between users. With Flash, programmers and artists can collaborate using the same files. This is rare in game development. Users spread a good game a lot over the internet. So, provide embedded links to your home!

Ease of use
Perhaps one of the most attractive reasons for choosing Flash is that you can learn the and start creating games in a very short time. With other languages, it could take years!

...but, does she feel better than fine?!
la strana storia di fiona apple vuole il suo straordinario album, "extraordinary machine", mai rilasciato ufficialmente, rubato e messo sulla rete. dopo un altrettanto straordinario successo, la casa discografica ha deciso di produrlo con modifiche, a due anni di distanza. neanche a farlo apposta, per adattarlo alle esigenze del pubblico, l'album ufficiale non ha nulla a che vedere con l'originale bootleg, e suona deboluccio in confronto.e dopo hanno anche il coraggio di dire che le case discografiche pensano alla qualità, invece di preparare omogeneizzati.
la diversità è così bella!

 

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Waltz (Better Than Fine)
Fiona Apple

If you don't have a song
To sing you're okay
You know how to get along
Humming
Hmmm

If you don't have a date
Celebrate
Go out and sit on the lawn
And do nothing
'Cause it's just what you must do
Nobody does it anymore

No I don't believe in the wasting of time,
But I don't believe that I'm wasting mine

If you don't have a point to make
Don't sweat it
You'll make a sharp one being so kind
And I'd sure appreciate it
Everyone else's goal's to get big headed
Why should I follow that beat being that I'm
Better than fine

10. Go with the cheapest hosting provider you can find, preferably a shared server that hosts hundreds of other sites, some of which are high-traffic porn sites. Don't check the list of recommended hosting providers.

9. Don't waste time with regular backups. Maybe the hosting provider will help you.

8. Don't waste time adjusting PHP and Joomla! settings for increased security. Hey, the install was brain-dead easy. How bad could the rest be? Worry about those details only if there's a problem.

7. Use the same username and password for your on-line bank account, Joomla! administrator account, Amazon account, Yahoo account, etc. Hey, who has time to keep track of so many passwords? And anyway, since you don't change passwords, it's easier to just use the same one all the time, everywhere.

6. Install your brand new beautiful Joomla!-powered site, celebrate a job well done, and don't worry about it again. After all, if you don't make any more changes, what can go wrong? (Hint: A lot)

5. Do all upgrades and extension installations right there on the live site. Who needs a development and testing server anyway? If an installation fails, you'll just uninstall it again. That will hopefully also undo any damage the installation caused.

4. Trust all third-party extensions, and install all the cool-looking stuff you can find. Anyone smart enough to write a Joomla! extension will provide perfect code that blocks every known exploit attempt, now and forever. After all, almost all this stuff is provided for free by well-meaning, good-hearted people who know what they are doing.

3. Don't worry about updating to the latest version of Joomla!. Hey, nothing's gone wrong so far, and if it ain't broke don't fix it! Same plan for the third-party extensions. Too much work anyway.

2. When your site gets cracked, panic your way on over to the Joomla! Forums and start a new post with a very familiar title: "Help! My Site's Been Hacked!" Be sure not to leave relevant information, such as which obsolete versions of Joomla! and third party extensions were installed.

1. Once your site's been cracked, fix the defaced file and then assume all is well. Don't check raw logs, change your passwords, remove the entire directory and rebuild from clean backups, or take any other overly paranoid-seeming actions. When the attackers return the next day, scream loudly that you've been "hacked again," and it's all Joomla!'s fault. Ignore the fact that removing a defaced file is not even step one in the difficult process of fully recovering a cracked site.

"Intellectual Property is the oil of the 21st century" - this quote by Mark Getty, chairman of Getty Images, one of the world's largest Intellectual Proprietors, offers a unique perspective on the current conflicts around copyrights, patents and trademarks. Not only does it open up the complete panorama of conceptual confusion that surrounds this relatively new and rather hallucinatory form of property - it must also be understood as a direct declaration of war.

The "War Against Piracy" - a preventive, permanent and increasingly panic-driven battle that defies the traditional logic of warfare - is only one of the many strange and contradictory crusades that currently take place at the new frontier of Intellectual Property. Under the banner of the "Information Society", a cartel of corporate knowledge distributors struggle to maintain their exclusive right to the exploitation and commodification of the informational resources of the world. With their campaign for "Digital Rights Management", the copyright industries attempt to simultaneously outlaw the Universal Computer, revoke the Internet and suspend the fundamental laws of information. Under the pretext of the "Creative Commons", an emerging middle class of Intellectual Proprietors fights an uphill battle against the new and increasingly popular forms of networked production that threaten the regimes of individual authorship and legal control. And as it envisions itself drilling for "the oil of the 21st century", the venture capital that fuels the quest for properties yet undiscovered has no choice but to extend the battlefield even further, far beyond the realm of the immaterial, deep into the world of machines, the human body, and the biosphere.

But while Intellectual Property struggles to conquer our hearts and minds, ideas still improve, and technology participates in the improvement. On all fronts, the enormous effort towards expropriation and privatization of public property is met with a strange kind of almost automatic resistance. If piracy - the spontaneously organized, massively distributed and not necessarily noble reappropriation and redistribution of the Commons - seems necessary today, then because technological progress implies it.

Technological progress - from the Printing Press to the BitTorrent protocol - is what essentially drives cultural development and social change, what makes it possible to share ideas, embrace expressions, improve inventions and correct the works of the past. Human history is the history of copying, and the entirely defensive and desperate attempt to stall its advancement by the means of Intellectual Property - the proposition to ressurect the dead as rights holders and turn the living into their licensees - only indicates how profoundly recent advancements in copying technology, the adaptability and scalability they have attained, the ideas and habits they are creating, are about to change the order of things. What lies at the core of the conflict is the emergence of new modes of subjectivation that escape the globally dominant mode of production. The spectre that is haunting Intellectual Proprietors world-wide is no longer just the much-lamented "death of the author", but the becoming-producer and becoming-distributor of the capitalist consumer.

The world has irrevocably entered the age of digital reproduction, and it is time to revisit the questions that Walter Benjamin raised in the light of photography and film: how to reaffirm the positive potential and promise that lies in today’s means of reproduction, how to refuse the artificial scarcity that is being created as an attempt to contain the uncontrolled circulation of cultural commodities, how to resist the rhetoric of warfare that only articulates the discrepancy between the wealth of technical possibilites and the poverty of their use, and how to renew the people's legitimate claim to copy, to be copied, and to change property relations.

In order to deconstruct - and to develop radically different perspectives on - the "oil of the 21st century", there is an urgent need for approaches that provide fewer answers and more questions, produce less opinion and more curiosity. The coils of the serpent are even more complex than the burrows of the molehill, and the task is to trace, with the same bewilderement that befell Franz Kafka at the advent of the modern juridical bureaucracies, the monstruous, absurd and often outright hilarious legal procedures and protocols of the Intellectual Property Era.

ragionando sulla necessità o meno di produrre carta elettronica, nell'ottica di risparmiare carta vera, può balzare in mente la malsana idea di stampare con inchiostro simpatico, o di produrre carta che si cancelli facilmente.

un inchiostro di questo genere, ingegnerizzato a dovere, potrebbe avere una data di scadenza (vedasi auto-cancellazione) giornaliera, settimanale, mensile. le molecole organiche dell'inchiostro prendono a decomporsi a contatto con l'aria (o con la carta?) secondo un certo tasso, cambiando di conseguenza proprietà ottiche e diventando trasparenti alla luce visibile in un certo intervallo di tempo.
in caso si voglia agire invece sulla carta, si potrebbero realizzare inchiostri facilmente rimovibili, o al contrario un supporto cartaceo sul quale l'inchiostro non aderisca in maniera irreversibile.

il vantaggio potrebbe esser quello di aver a disposizione, in uno scenario apocalittico, sistemi a stampa manuale alla gutenberg che non richiedano utilizzo di energia elettrica nè per la stampa, nè per il riciclaggio della carta, ed ovviamente nemmeno per la sua eventuale cancellazione. tanto prima o poi si tornerà al medioevo.

premettiamo che l'ingegnerizzazione e la produzione di tali inchiostri ha un suo costo, e che in tale scenario si farebbe prima a tornare ai vecchi inchiostri estratti da prodotti naturali con tecniche non industriali.
potrebbero però esser ridotti al minimo sprechi di carta in casistiche usa e getta: materiale informativo per convegni o, nel normale utilizzo casa/ufficio, pagine e pagine stampate da siti internet che finiscono inevitabilmente nella spazzatura.

per stampanti laser il sistema non risulterebbe sconveniente: un toner monocromatico per macchinari di bassa fascia costa 70€, può esser ricaricato due volte al massimo (per via dell'usura dei rulli) per 30€ a ricarica, e permette di stampare 10.000 pagine (le case produttrici dicono 12.000) con una utilizzo moderato di inchiostro (totale 130€); una risma di carta scadente in formato A4 può costare 3€, per 30.000 pagine arriviamo ad un totale di 180€, e potrà esser ristampata quattro/cinque volte.
ipotizzando che l'inchiostro simpatico possa esser prodotto utilizzando le stesse tecnologie dei toner (al massimo con un sovrapprezzo del 30%), ed in tal maniera stampato, ciò permetterebbe di risparmiare carta (dopo l'acquisto iniziale di 30.000 fogli, posson esser risparmiati 180€ per i tre/quattro utilizzi successivi). la carta potrebbe esser ristampata anche più di quanto ipotizzato (usura e spiegazzamenti permettendo) moltiplicando il risparmio, con la clausola che venga utilizzata solo per comunicazioni "a scadenza", e nell'ipotesi che l'inchiostro precedentemente stampato non interferisca con quello "fresco".

per stampanti a getto d'inchiostro si potrebbe semplicemente prevedere nella testina una cartuccia monocromatica aggiuntiva, da selezionare quando non si desiderino stampe permanenti. questa possibilità è di facile attuazione, essendo già disponibili inchiostri simpatici liquidi monocromatici e la tecnologia a più cartucce per stampanti di fascia bassa.

altra storia per una carta che andrebbe lavata usando solventi, o magari esponendola a variazioni di temperatura. questo tipo di processo sembra sconveniente ed impraticabile: bisognerebbe stendere ad asciugare anche la carta?

in caso di tirature maggiori, come quelle di un ufficio, xerox creò il formato .pdf (brevetto poi rilevato da adobe) proprio per risparmiare sulla carta, permettendo di trasferire documenti in formato elettronico evitandone la stampa.

andando verso il livello industriale, si potrebbe esser portati a pensare che un quotidiano con tiratura un milione di copie possa utilizzare una base di due milioni di prodotti preconfezionati (con un margine del 30% di prodotti che potrebbero potenzialmente andar distrutti) a rotazione: oggi prendo il giornale riconsegnando all'edicolante quello di ieri, nel frattempo l'industria ristampa il milione di copie riconsegnate il giorno prima. in caso fosse necessario ripulirle dell'inchiostro vecchio, servirà un altro milione di copie per scambio, se il processo di lavaggio risultasse lungo. purtroppo il sistema fallisce in quanto così facendo non sarebbe più possibile utilizzare i rotoli (lunghi normalmente ben 13km) di carta riciclata per stampa offset: il nastro, scorrendo velocissimo tra i rulli inchiostratori, permette di sfornare quattro copie al secondo già piegate ed impacchettate. si ritornerebbe ad una stampa di tipo litografico, ad impatti successivi, ben più lenta e inadatta per un quotidiano.

si potrebbe allora pensare ad un utilizzo su riviste patinate, di diverso formato, come settimanali o mensili: risulterebbe comunque difficile dividere di nuovo tutte le pagine e ristamparle singolarmente. è da vedere poi se sarà possibile produrre inchiostri "simpatici" che abbiano le stesse caratteristiche di quelli normalmente utilizzati, e che rispettino le qualità delle scale colore pantone. attualmente gli inchiostri che si cancellano a tempo danno tutti sul blu/violaceo.

passiamo poi ad altri scenari in cui potrebbe esser utile un inchiostro di questo tipo. pubblicità o segnaletiche di grandi dimensioni su superfici stradali o su palazzi posson esser realizzata con inchiostri lavabili (le semplici tempere) o con videoproiezioni. stampe su tela o teloni di pvc, molto più costosi della carta, richiedono inchiostri simpatici compatibili con la stampa cmyk, ed abbiamo visto che non esistono. non si riescono ad ipotizzare applicazioni nemmeno nel mondo dell'arte: non sembra necessario utilizzare un inchiostro che poi scompaia, e se fosse necessario esistono già tinte invisibili all'occhio umano ma sensibili a radiazione ultravioletta, ad esempio.

un inchiostro simpatico conduttivo, infine, potrebbe trovar applicazione nell'industria elettronica, restando visibile per il tempo necessario al controllo di processo, ma scomparendo qualora fosse necessaria la totale trasparenza del dispositivo. dovrebbe però mantenere le proprietà elettriche, fattore comunque non da poco.

la carta elettronica invece, promettendo un facile aggiornamento delle informazioni visualizzate, una loro adeguata persistenza ed una certa semplicità d'uso, abolirebbe completamente qualsiasi processo di stampa, ed anzi l'utilizzo della carta stessa nei campi di interesse.
richiederebbe però sistemi di una certa complessità tecnologica e l'utilizzo di energia elettrica; anche se, paragonando il suo utilizzo ai costi in termini ecologici degli attuali processi di stampa, ridurrebbe di gran lunga l'impatto ambientale di quell'industria dell'informazione che la società attuale sembra chiamare a gran voce.

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Già verso la fine del 1400 Leonardo da Vinci aveva dato molta importanza all’utilizzo “dell’inchiostro simpatico“, un derivato dal limone che anche dopo aver scritto i fogli li lasciava completamente bianchi. L'acido citrico, generalmente incolore, in soluzione acquosa può essere ossidato semplicemente scaldandolo. Assume quindi una colorazione bruna, reversibile.

Oggi, dopo più di 600 anni, Xerox ha realizzato uno speciale inchiostro che rimane visibile per sole 24 ore, per poi via via scomparire. Il processo di stampa è del tutto uguale a quello classico: lo speciale miscuglio chimico viene spruzzato attraverso gli ugelli della stampante, in uno speciale foglio giallognolo che risalta i caratteri, per poi scomparire man mano.

L’idea di Xerox non è tanto quella di realizzare documenti alla portata dei film di 007, ma tanto da poter dare la possibilità di risparmiare sui costi di gestione riutilizzando pagine scritte in precedenza. Lo speciale tipo di inchiostro per stampanti scompare dopo 24 ore scompare, facendo sì che i fogli siano riutilizzabili fino a 30 volte.

Il processo di scomparsa del testo sulla pagina è progressivo e comincia subito dopo la stampa , quando i caratteri assumono gradualmente un alone viola scuro per poi diventare ombreggiati e infine scomparire a un giorno di distanza. In realtà, l'inchiostro che scompare non e' un vero e proprio inchiostro: i caratteri stampati sulla pagina sono costituiti da fotocromi, molecole sensibili ai raggi ultravioletti che, impressi su una speciale carta, ritornano gradualmente allo stato iniziale, in cui sono indistinguibili dallo sfondo. I fogli però possono essere riutilizzati anche prima di apparire totalmente bianchi in quanto il processo utilizzato dalla stampante elimina ogni residuo di quanto impresso sul foglio stesso in precedenza.

Uno studio realizzato dalla stessa Xerox evidenzia come il 45% della carta usata negli uffici sia stampata per essere utilizzata una volta sola. Non quindi per essere archiviata, ma per essere gettata via nel giro di qualche ora. L'uso dell'inchiostro che scompare porterebbe così a ridurre drasticamente i circa mille miliardi di fogli stampati gettati nei cestini di tutto il mondo ogni anno. Senza contare il risparmio energetico. Attualmente l'atto di stampare un singolo foglio di carta implica, secondo i ricercatori della Xerox, un consumo medio di circa 200 kj, sufficienti ad alimentare per un'ora una lampadina da 75 w, contro i 110 kj di un foglio usato.
Un bel risparmio, anche se bisogna considerare che l'introduzione di questo tipo di macchine potrebbe inizialmente essere costoso per gli uffici, costretti a mantenere una parte delle stampanti tradizionali per realizzare i documenti da archiviare su carta. Con il rischio di ritrovarsi con mucchi di carta bianca negli archivi, se si è scelta la stampante sbagliata.

Anche Toshiba propone un modo nuovo per riciclare la carta in ufficio. Il nuovo tipo di inchiostro, su cui il colosso giapponese sta lavorando da anni, può essere utilizzato per stampare testo e immagini su di un normale foglio di carta e ha la particolarità di poter essere "cancellato" - o, per essere più precisi, reso invisibile - con il giusto apporto di calore.

Insieme ai suoi nuovi toner per stampanti laser, chiamati "e-blue", Toshiba vende un dispositivo che è in grado, dopo pochi minuti di trattamento termico a 140 gradi centigradi, di restituire fogli bianchi e pronti per essere nuovamente stampati.
Il produttore giapponese ha anche creato una penna contenente lo stesso inchiostro speciale e utilizzabile per scrivere o evidenziare i documenti stampati con i toner e-blue. "Questa tecnologia - ha affermato Toshiba in un comunicato - consente alle aziende di tagliare gli sprechi dell'ufficio e ridurre i costi di business".

Il produttore sottolinea come in Giappone oltre il 40% dei rifiuti provenienti dagli uffici è composto da carta e che questa, per la sua elevata deperibilità, può in genere essere riciclata solo per il 60%.